What is the study of the structure of metals known as?

The study of the structure of metals is known as physical metallurgy. This branch of metallurgy focuses specifically on understanding how the physical properties and microstructure of metals influence their behavior and performance in various applications. Through the examination of crystal structures, mechanical properties, and phase diagrams, physical metallurgy helps engineers and scientists optimize metal processing and enhance material performance.

Physical metallurgy bridges the gap between materials science and engineering, allowing for the development of new alloys and improving existing materials. It encompasses a broad range of topics, including the study of phase transitions, defects in crystalline structures, and the effects of thermal treatments on metals.

Other branches of metallurgy, such as extractive metallurgy, mechanical metallurgy, and thermal metallurgy, have different focal points — such as the extraction of metals from ores, the mechanical properties of materials, and the heat treatments that metals undergo. While these areas are essential for a comprehensive understanding of metallurgy, they do not primarily focus on analyzing and understanding the microscopic structure of metals, which is the core of physical metallurgy.