What is the anode in an electrochemical cell?

The anode in an electrochemical cell is defined as the site where oxidation occurs. Oxidation is the process in which an atom or molecule loses electrons, resulting in a higher oxidation state. In the context of electrochemical cells, this process is crucial as it initiates the flow of electrons through the external circuit, leading to electrical current generation.

At the anode, materials such as metals are often oxidized, releasing electrons that move towards the cathode, where reduction occurs. This movement is fundamental to the operation of electrochemical cells, whether they are galvanic (voltaic) cells, which generate electricity from spontaneous reactions, or electrolytic cells, where an external voltage is used to drive non-spontaneous reactions.

Understanding the role of the anode helps clarify how electrochemical processes are balanced; while oxidation occurs at the anode, reduction must take place at the cathode to complete the circuit and maintain electrochemical equilibrium.