What is pitting characterized by?

Pitting is specifically characterized by the formation of small cavities or pits on the surface of a metal. This localized form of corrosion typically occurs when corrosive agents attack the surface of the material, leading to the development of these small holes. Unlike general corrosion, which can affect the entire surface uniformly, pitting is irregular and can penetrate deeply into the material, often leading to structural weakening. This phenomenon often poses a significant risk in metals, especially in environments that promote localized corrosion, such as exposure to salt water or acidic conditions. Understanding this characteristic is crucial for engineers as it influences material selection and maintenance strategies in various applications.